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Table 1 Basic information, clinical features, diagnostic information and mortality of 310 IE patients

From: Preoperative false-negative transthoracic echocardiographic results in native valve infective endocarditis patients: a retrospective study from 2001 to 2018

Variable

Total

N = 300

Surgery

N = 182

None surgery

N = 118

P

Previous cardiovascular conditions or cardiac diseases

126 (42.0)

85 (46.7)

41 (34.5)

0.003

 Degenerative calcific valvular disease

27 (9.0)

18 (9.9)

9 (7.6)

0.606

 Rheumatic heart disease

59 (19.7)

41 (22.5)

18 (15.1)

0.122

 Congenital heart disease

58 (19.3)

42 (23.1)

16 (13.4)

0.053

Clinical features

 Fever

251 (83.7)

141 (77.5)

110 (92.4)

0.000

 Heart murmurs

253 (84.3)

162 (89.0)

91 (76.5)

0.006

 Ischemic stroke

65 (21.7)

31 (17.0)

34 (28.6)

0.016

 Hemorrhagic stroke

26 (8.7)

10 (5.5)

16 (13.4)

0.015

 Heart insufficiency (NYHA II ~ IV)

175 (58.3)

124 (68.1)

51 (42.9)

0.000

bAcute congestive heart failure

64 (21.3)

41 (22.5)

23 (19.3)

0.531

Positive blood culture

172 (57.3)

93 (51.1)

79 (66.4)

0.007

Staphylococcus aureus

43 (14.3)

14 (7.7)

29 (24.4)

0.000

Modified Duke’s criteria

 Definite IE

166 (55.3)

81 (44.5)

85 (71.4)

0.000

 Suspected IE

113 (37.7)

80 (44.0)

33 (27.7)

0.005

 Excluded

a21 (11.5)

Pathological criteria

 Pathological confirmed

a173 (95.1)

 Pathological excluded

a9 (4.9)

In-hospital death

32 (10.7)

8 (4.4)

24 (20.2)

0.000

  1. aThese data were only available to surgery group
  2. bPatients developed acute pulmonary edema
  3. NYHA New York Heart Association