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Table 2 Clinical and echocardiographic parameters of tricuspid regurgitation subgroups stratified by etiology (primary vs secondary) and severity

From: Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation severity using proximal isovelocity surface area: comparison with volumetric method

Variable

Primary TR

Secondary TR

P

Non-severe (n = 24)

Severe

(n = 20)

Non-severe

(n = 28)

Severe

(n = 27)

Sex,Female(%)

15(62.5)

10(50.0)

18(64.3)

18(66.7)

0.677

Age(y)

54.5 ± 11.6

56.3 ± 13.1

66.4 ± 7.5*

61.9 ± 9.6

0.010

Weight(kg)

58.2 ± 8.3

61.2 ± 12.6

59.8 ± 11.1

63.0 ± 21.2

0.729

Height(cm)

162.3 ± 6.7

164.2 ± 8.9

162.1 ± 9.1

156.0 ± 25.2

0.319

BSA(m2)

1.6 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

0.702

Atrial Fibrillation(%)

12(50.0)

7(35.0)

9(32.1)

12(44.4)

0.544

TR jet location, centric(%)

6(25.0)

6(30.0)

15(53.6)

18(66.7)

0.417

Malcoaptation or flail leaflet(%)

10(41.7)

15(75.0)

3(10.7)

10(37.0)

< 0.001

VCW,≥0.7 cm(%)

4(16.7)

19(95.0)

3(10.7)

23(85.2)

< 0.001

PISA radius,

> 0.9 cm(%)

0(0)

4(20.0)

0(0)

1(3.7)

0.007

TR VTI(m)

0.73 ± 0.20

0.61 ± 0.21

0.89 ± 0.21+

0.67 ± 0.20

< 0.001

TR Vmax(m/s)

2.40 ± 0.56

2.17 ± 0.65

2.69 ± 0.62+

2.23 ± 0.60

0.013

RVOT VTI(m)

0.12 ± 0.02

0.12 ± 0.03

0.15 ± 0.05

0.14 ± 0.05

0.350

S(RVOT)(cm2)

3.16 ± 0.60

3.93 ± 1.61

3.48 ± 0.87

3.28 ± 0.87

0.237

SV(RVOT)(ml)

38.8 ± 9.3

46.7 ± 16.0

50.3 ± 22.0

42.4 ± 10.9

0.207

RVEDV(ml)

107.9 ± 21.8+

173.4 ± 46.6

129.2 ± 34.9*,+

162.8 ± 43.5

< 0.001

RVESV(ml)

44.9 ± 13.5

64.9 ± 26.9

57.5 ± 28.6

65.6 ± 20.7

0.088

SV(RV)(ml)

63.0 ± 12.8+

107.5 ± 29.6

70.4 ± 21.1+

97.4 ± 36.9

< 0.001

Rvol(ml)

24.2 ± 12.5+

60.9 ± 23.1

20.8 ± 10.8+

53.8 ± 31.4

< 0.001

Hepatic vein systolic reversal(%)

2(8.3)

14(70.0)

2(7.1)

15(55.6)

< 0.001

Dilated right ventricle with preserved function(%)

8(33.3)

15(75.0%)

7(25.0)

23(85.2)

< 0.001

2D PISA EROA(cm2)

0.12 ± 0.02+

0.85 ± 0.38

0.12 ± 0.02+

0.57 ± 0.10

0.008

3D PISA EROA(cm2)

0.26 ± 0.04+

1.10 ± 0.46

0.23 ± 0.03*,+

0.92 ± 0.17

< 0.001

3D Rvol EROA(cm2)

0.39 ± 0.04+

1.27 ± 0.28

0.23 ± 0.03+

0.83 ± 0.13

0.015

  1. TR tricuspid regurgitation, VCW vena contrata width, PISA proximal isovelocity surface area, VTI velocity-time integral, Vmax maximum velocity, RVOT right ventricular outflow tract, S area, SV stroke volume, RVEDV maximum of right ventricular volume, RVESV minimum of right ventricular volume, RV right ventricle, Rvol regurgitant volume, 2D two-dimensional, 3D three-dimensional, EROA effective regurgitant orifice area
  2. *P < 0.05 vs. Primary TR. +P < 0.05 vs. Severe TR