Table 2 Echocardiographic data of the study groups
Parameters | Healthy controls (n = 50) | Disease controls (n = 33) | PAF patients (n = 63) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LA diameter (mm) | 32 ± 5 | 40 ± 7† | 43 ± 7† | < 0.001 |
LA volume (mL) | 32 ± 10 | 44 ± 10† | 49 ± 15† | < 0.001 |
LA volume index (mL/m2) | 19 ± 6 | 27 ± 5† | 28 ± 9† | < 0.001 |
LV end-diastolic dimension (mm) | 42 ± 5 | 47 ± 7† | 49 ± 7† | < 0.001 |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 65 ± 5 | 61 ± 12 | 62 ± 8 | 0.088 |
Thickness of IVS (mm) | 9 ± 1 | 10 ± 2† | 10 ± 2† | < 0.001 |
Thickness of posterior wall (mm) | 9 ± 1 | 10 ± 1† | 9 ± 2†§ | < 0.001 |
LV mass (g) | 120 ± 29 | 177 ± 65† | 171 ± 65† | < 0.001 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 73 ± 14 | 108 ± 33† | 98 ± 30† | < 0.001 |
LV hypertrophy (%) | 0 (0) | 17 (52) | 17 (27) | < 0.001 |
E velocity (cm/s) | 63 ± 13 | 60 ± 23 | 64 ± 17 | 0.59 |
A velocity (cm/s) | 71 ± 20 | 80 ± 25 | 61 ± 23*‡ | 0.001 |
E/A | 0.95 ± 0.33 | 0.83 ± 0.46* | 1.21 ± 0.56*‡ | < 0.001 |
Deceleration time (ms) | 213 ± 56 | 224 ± 68 | 205 ± 70 | 0.41 |
E’, septal (ms) | 7.7 ± 2.3 | 6.1 ± 2.5† | 7.7 ± 2.4‡ | < 0.001 |
E’, lateral (ms) | 10.3 ± 3.1 | 7.4 ± 2.9† | 9.5 ± 2.8‡ | < 0.001 |
Averaged E’ (ms) | 9.0 ± 2.5 | 6.7 ± 2.6† | 8.6 ± 2.3‡ | < 0.001 |
A’, septal (ms) | 10.0 ± 1.7 | 8.8 ± 2.2* | 7.6 ± 2.6†§ | < 0.001 |
A’, lateral (ms) | 10.8 ± 2.5 | 9.5 ± 2.6* | 8.0 ± 3.0†§ | < 0.001 |
Averaged A’ (ms) | 10.4 ± 1.8 | 9.2 ± 2.3* | 7.8 ± 2.7†§ | < 0.001 |
Averaged E/E’, | 7.4 ± 2.3 | 10.0 ± 5.4 | 7.9 ± 2.8 | 0.086 |
Averaged E’/A’ | 0.90 ± 0.33 | 0.79 ± 0.42 | 1.27 ± 0.63†‡ | < 0.001 |