| All groups (n = 108) | Group 1 (n = 36) | Group 2 (n = 36) | Group 3 (n = 36) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 9.5 ± 5.4 | 9.4 ± 5.4 | 9.6 ± 5.1 | 9.5 ± 5.9 | 0.989 |
Female n (%) | 52 (48.2%) | 16 (44%) | 18 (50%) | 18 (50%) | 0.913 |
Height (cm) | 129.3 ± 33.4 | 132.2 ± 33.1 | 128.7 ± 31.1 | 127.1 ± 36.6 | 0.805 |
Weight (kg) | 33.7 ± 20.9 | 36.5 ± 22.8 | 33.4 ± 20.8 | 31.3 ± 19.1 | 0.574 |
BSA (m2) | 1.08 ± 0.47 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.657 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 17.8 ± 3.9 | 18.5 ± 4.6 | 17.7 ± 4.1 | 17.2 ± 3.0 | 0.339 |
SBP (mmHg) | 103.3 ± 12.4 | 106.7 ± 12.9 | 102.8 ± 12.1 | 100.5 ± 11.7 | 0.101 |
DBP (mmHg) | 56.1 ± 8.8 | 58.1 ± 9 | 53.4 ± 9.5 | 56.9 ± 7.4 | 0.064 |
Heart Rate (bpm) | 83.3 ± 24.3 | 78.4 ± 17.7 | 83.2 ± 23.6 | 88.2 ± 29.7 | 0.238 |
2D LVEF (%) | 61 ± 10 | 65 ± 4 | 56 ± 13 | 61 ± 7 | <.001 |
2D LVEF Z score | −0.6 ± 2.1 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | −1.7 ± 2.9 | −0.5 ± 1.5 | <.001 |
2D LVEDV (ml) | 92.8 ± 59.7 | 87.6 ± 47.0 | 109.0 ± 71.4 | 81.7 ± 56.0 | 0.124 |
2D LVEDV Z score | 1.1 ± 2.4 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 3.1 | 0.5 ± 2.2 | <.001 |
2D LVESV (ml) | 30.8 (18.3–45.0) | 30.6 ± 16.6 | 53.7 ± 56.5 | 33.0 ± 29.4 | 0.021 |
2D LVESV Z score | 1.1 ± 2.2 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 2.6 | 0.7 ± 2.0 | <.001 |
2D LV mass (gm) | 74.5 ± 47.0 | 73.5 ± 44.2 | 84.9 ± 54 | 65.2 ± 40.8 | 0.205 |
2D LV mass Z score | 0.6 ± 1.8 | 0.0 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 2.4 | 0.2 ± 1.4 | <.001 |