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Table 1 Demographic data and echocardiographic parameters

From: Comparison of the prognostic values of three calculation methods for echocardiographic relative wall thickness in acute decompensated heart failure

 

Overall

RWTPWb

RWTIVS + PWb

RWTIVSb

Low

High

P value

Low

High

P value

Low

High

P value

n = 385

n = 193

n = 192

n = 193

n = 192

n = 193

n = 192

Age, y

81 [70, 88]

80 [68, 87]

83 [73, 89]

0.021

80 [69, 87]

83 [73, 89]

0.067

80 [69, 87]

83 [73, 88]

0.082

Mele, n (%)

181/385 (47)

104/193 (54)

77/192 (40)

0.008

99/193 (51)

82/192 (43)

0.1

98/193 (51)

83/192 (43)

0.15

Height, cm

154 ± 10

156 ± 9.7

153 ± 9.9

0.002

155 ± 10

153 ± 10

0.048

155 ± 10

153 ± 10

0.15

Body weight., kg

60 ± 16

60 ± 15

60 ± 17

0.95

61 ± 15

59 ± 17

0.45

60 ± 16

59 ± 16

0.59

Body mass index, kg/m2

22.8 ± 4.6

22.6 ± 4.5

23.0 ± 4.8

0.42

22.8 ± 4.6

22.8 ± 4.7

0.99

22.9 ± 4.7

22.8 ± 4.6

0.87

Body surface area, m2

1.51 ± 0.22

1.53 ± 0.22

1.49 ± 0.23

0.11

1.53 ± 0.22

1.50 ± 0.23

0.2

1.52 ± 0.22

1.50 ± 0.22

0.3

Get With The Guideline score

38 ± 7

38 ± 6

38 ± 8

0.99

38 ± 7

38 ± 8

0.55

38 ± 7

38 ± 8

0.86

Hospital stay, days

13 [8, 20]

13 [8, 21]

12 [8, 19]

0.55

13 [8, 21]

12 [8, 19]

0.35

13 [8, 20]

12 [8, 19]

0.76

Past medical history, n (%)

 Hypertension

187/385 (49)

92/193 (48)

95/192 (50)

0.76

92/193 (48)

95/192 (50)

0.76

93/193 (48)

94/192 (49)

0.92

 Diabetes mellitus

132/385 (34)

68/193 (35)

64/192 (33)

0.75

75/193 (39)

57/192 (30)

0.068

80/193 (42)

52/192 (27)

0.004

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

18/385 (4.7)

7/193 (3.6)

11/192 (5.7)

0.35

7/193 (3.6)

11/192 (5.7)

0.35

8/193 (4.1)

10/192 (5.2)

0.64

 Old myocardial infarction

62/385 (16)

37/193 (19)

25/192 (13)

0.13

35/193 (18)

27/192 (14)

0.33

34/193 (18)

28/192 (15)

0.49

Echocardiographic parameters

 RWTPWa

0.36 ± 0.12

0.28 ± 0.05

0.45 ± 0.12

<  0.001

0.28 ± 0.05

0.44 ± 0.12

<  0.001

0.30 ± 0.07

0.43 ± 0.13

<  0.001

 RWTIVS + PWa

0.37 ± 0.13

0.29 ± 0.06

0.45 ± 0.12

<  0.001

0.28 ± 0.05

0.46 ± 0.12

<  0.001

0.29 ± 0.06

0.46 ± 0.12

<  0.001

 RWTIVSa

0.38 ± 0.14

0.30 ± 0.09

0.46 ± 0.15

<  0.001

0.29 ± 0.06

0.48 ± 0.14

<  0.001

0.28 ± 0.06

0.48 ± 0.13

<  0.001

 IVSth, mm

9.4 ± 2.4

8.5 ± 2.0

10.4 ± 2.4

<  0.001

8.1 ± 1.8

10.7 ± 2.2

<  0.001

7.9 ± 1.5

11.0 ± 2.1

<  0.001

 PWth, mm

9.0 ± 2.1

7.8 ± 1.3

10.3 ± 2.0

<  0.001

8.1 ± 1.4

10 ± 2.2

<  0.001

8.3 ± 1.6

9.8 ± 2.3

<  0.001

 LVDd, mm

52 ± 9.7

57.1 ± 8.8

46.8 ± 7.8

<  0.001

57.7 ± 8.2

46.2 ± 7.6

<  0.001

57 ± 8.8

46.8 ± 7.8

<  0.001

 LVEF, (%)

47 ± 17

41 ± 16

51 ± 16

<  0.001

39 ± 16

52 ± 16

<  0.001

40 ± 16

51 ± 16

<  0.001

 HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 50%), n (%)

157/383 (41)

56/193 (29)

101/190 (53)

<  0.001

47/193 (24)

110/190 (58)

<  0.001

50/193 (26)

107/190 (56)

<  0.001

 LVM, g

168 [131, 211]

173 [135, 211]

164 [132, 208]

0.51

174 [138, 211]

164 [123, 208]

0.18

170 [135, 207]

166 [130, 212]

0.9

 LVEDV, mL

130 [92, 167]

160 [130, 194]

102 [79, 126]

<  0.001

160 [130, 194]

97 [74, 124]

<  0.001

160 [124, 194]

102 [79, 130]

<  0.001

 LVM/LVEDV

1.43 ± 0.56

1.10 ± 0.23

1.75 ± 0.61

<  0.001

1.08 ± 0.20

1.77 ± 0.59

<  0.001

1.09 ± 0.21

1.76 ± 0.6

<  0.001

 E wave, cm/sec

97 ± 29

97 ± 30

97 ± 28

0.94

95 ± 28

99 ± 29

0.37

98 ± 30

96 ± 28

0.58

 A wave, cm/sec

76 ± 32

70 ± 29

82 ± 34

0.011

73 ± 29

79 ± 34

0.13

74 ± 30

77 ± 33

0.57

 E/A

1.21 [0.84, 1.83]

1.29 [0.89, 2.04]

1.15 [0.82, 1.68]

0.18

1.21 [0.84, 1.84]

1.21 [0.86, 1.81]

0.81

1.22 [0.84, 1.83]

1.17 [0.85, 1.83]

0.6

 Deceleration time, ms

150 [123, 195]

150 [121, 196]

150 [128, 192]

0.49

149 [119, 185]

150 [129, 200]

0.043

147 [118, 181]

152 [129, 201]

0.013

 Aortic valve stenosis, n (%)

29/385 (7.5)

7/193 (3.6)

22/192 (12)

0.004

8/193 (4.1)

21/192 (11)

0.012

8/193 (4.1)

21/192 (11)

0.012

 Aortic valve regurgitation, n (%)

24/385 (6.2)

14/193 (7.3)

10/192 (5.2)

0.53

14/193 (7.3)

10/192 (5.2)

0.53

11/193 (5.7)

13/192 (6.8)

0.68

 Mitral valve regurgitation, n (%)

59/385 (15)

39/193 (20)

20/192 (10)

0.01

40/193 (21)

19/192 (9.9)

0.004

41/193 (21)

18/192 (9.4)

0.002

Laboratory data

 Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL

24 [17, 35]

24 [17, 34]

24 [17, 36]

0.77

24 [17, 35]

24 [17, 35]

0.67

24 [17, 36]

23 [17, 35]

0.76

 Creatinine, mg/dL

1.14 [0.81, 1.52]

1.15 [0.83, 1.54]

1.09 [0.79, 1.51]

0.31

1.18 [0.83, 1.56]

1.09 [0.79, 1.50]

0.22

1.17 [0.83, 1.55]

1.07 [0.79, 1.50]

0.19

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

12.0 ± 2.4

12.0 ± 2.4

11.9 ± 2.4

0.84

11.9 ± 2.4

12.0 ± 2.4

0.78

11.9 ± 2.5

12 ± 2.3

0.68

 Brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL

666 [427, 1266]

737 [449, 1376]

638 [403, 1155]

0.056

765 [472, 1376]

636 [401, 1092]

0.026

683 [437, 1349]

645 [413, 1190]

0.28

Medication, n (%)

 ACE-I and/or ARB

124/285 (32)

71/193 (37)

53/192 (28)

0.069

67/193 (35)

57/192 (30)

0.34

66/193 (34)

58/192 (30)

0.47

 Beta blocker

153/385 (40)

78/193 (40)

75/192 (39)

0.069

75/193 (39)

78/192 (41)

0.8

74/193 (38)

79/192 (41)

0.65

Hemodynamic data

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

132 ± 26

128 ± 24

135 ± 29

0.006

131 ± 24

133 ± 29

0.35

130 ± 24

134 ± 29

0.13

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78 ± 21

75 ± 19

73 ± 17

0.009

74 ± 18

77 ± 21

0.17

74 ± 18

77 ± 21

0.1

 Heart rate, bpm

84 ± 21

83 ± 21

84 ± 21

0.81

83 ± 19

84 ± 22

0.64

83 ± 19

83 ± 22

0.78

  1. A wave, late mitral valve inflow velocity; ACE-I angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB angiotensin receptor blocker; E wave, early mitral valve inflow velocity; IVSth interventricular septum thickness; LVEDV left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVDd left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole; LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM left ventricular mass; PWth posterior wall thickness; RWT relative wall thickness
  2. aRWT was the ratio of left ventricular wall thickness to LVDd. Left ventricular wall thickness was measured at interventricular septum as IVSth and posterior wall as PWth. Three measurement methods to compute RWT were as follows; RWTPW = 2 × PWth/LVDd, RWTIVS + PW = (PWth + IVSth)/LVDd, and RWTIVS = 2 × IVSth/LVDd
  3. bThe patients were divided into two groups based on the median of RWTPW, RWTIVS + PW, and RWTIVS
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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

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