Normative reference ranges for echocardiographic chamber dimensions in a healthy Central European population: results from the Czech post-MONICA survey

Table 3 Effects of age and gender on reference limits – left atrium, right chambers, aorta

Variable	Age effect (per 10 years)	Age effect p value	Gender effect (male vs. female)	Gender effect p value
Left atrium
LA diameter M-mode (mm)	0.7 [− 0.2, 1.7]	0.138	4.3 [2.1, 6.6]	< 0.001
LA diameter M-mode, BSA (mm/m²)	1.0 [0.5, 1.4]	< 0.001	− 1.3 [− 2.2, − 0.3]	0.009
LA vertical diameter (mm)	−0.2 [− 1.4, 1.0]	0.752	4.2 [0.2, 8.2]	0.042
LA horizontal diameter (mm)	1.1 [−0.0, 2.3]	0.056	1.6 [−1.0, 4.2]	0.232
LA volume (ml)	1.1 [−2.7, 5.0]	0.571	15.4 [4.0, 26.9]	0.008
LA volume, BSA (ml/m²)	1.6 [−0.3, 3.5]	0.097	0.2 [−4.8, 5.3]	0.924
Right ventricle
RV basal diameter (mm)	0.9 [−0.2, 1.9]	0.109	6.9 [3.7, 10.0]	< 0.001
RV basal diameter, BSA (mm/m²)	0.4 [−0.0, 0.9]	0.066	0.1 [−1.0, 1.2]	0.839
Tricuspid s’ (m/s)	−0.2 [− 0.6, 0.2]	0.261	− 0.7 [− 1.6, 0.3]	0.194
TAPSE (mm)	− 0.6 [− 1.5, 0.2]	0.144	−0.0 [−2.3, 2.2]	0.992
Right atrium
RA vertical diameter (mm)	−0.0 [− 0.7, 0.7]	1.000	5.7 [4.1, 7.3]	< 0.001
RA horizontal diameter (mm)	−0.5 [−1.4, 0.3]	0.202	6.3 [4.3, 8.3]	< 0.001
RA vertical diameter, BSA (mm/m²)	0.6 [0.1, 1.0]	0.009	−1.6 [−2.4, −0.8]	< 0.001
RA horizontal diameter, BSA (mm/m²)	0.1 [−0.4, 0.6]	0.663	−0.5 [−1.8, 0.8]	0.443
Aorta
Aortic root (mm)	0.8 [−0.1, 1.8]	0.084	5.5 [3.4, 7.7]	< 0.001
Aortic root, BSA (mm/m²)	0.4 [0.0, 0.8]	0.045	−0.3 [−1.2, 0.7]	0.589

Values depict effect size on reference limit (95th or 5th percentile of the healthy subset) with 95% confidence interval
BSA body surface area, LA left atrium, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion

ISSN: 1476-7120