Table 2 Echocardiographic parameters
Characteristic | Study population (n = 209) | AF recurrence – (n = 156) | AF recurrence + (n = 53) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Heart rate during echocardiography | 75.6 ± 14.5 | 76.3 ± 14.1 | 75.6 ± 14.5 | 0.080 |
Left ventricle | ||||
- LVEFa, % | 54.4 ± 5.2 | 54.6 ± 4.7 | 53.8 ± 6.4 | 0.343 |
- LVb EDDc, mm | 48 ± 7 | 47.2 ± 6.5 | 50.3 ± 7.9 | 0.013 |
- LV ESDd, mm | 30.4 ± 5.8 | 30.4 ± 5.9 | 30.5 ± 5.7 | 0.939 |
- IVSde, mm | 9.5 ± 1.7 | 9.5 ± 1.78 | 9.6 ± 1.7 | 0.763 |
- PWdf, mm | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 9.1 ± 1.4 | 9.6 ± 1.8 | 0.131 |
- LV mass, g | 140.4 ± 72.8 | 136.8 ± 70.1 | 150.9 ± 80 | 0.073 |
- LV mass index, g/m2 | 78.4 ± 26.9 | 76.6 ± 26.3 | 83.7 ± 28.4 | 0.045 |
- LV EDVg, mL | 99 ± 32.5 | 96.4 ± 30.5 | 109.8 ± 39.6 | 0.223 |
- LV ESVh, mL | 46.8 ± 20.8 | 45.4 ± 20.6 | 52.4 ± 21.6 | 0.196 |
Left atrium | ||||
- LAi antero-posterior diameter, mm | 39.8 ± 6.5 | 39 ± 6.1 | 42.2 ± 7.2 | 0.013 |
- LA antero-posterior diameter indexed, mm/m2 | 20.4 ± 3.4 | 20.1 ± 3.3 | 20.4 ± 3.4 | 0.182 |
- LA superior- inferior diameter, mm | 48.8 ± 7.6 | 48.3 ± 7.6 | 50.3 ± 7.4 | 0.095 |
- LA maximum volume, mL | 60 ± 23.3 | 57.7 ± 21.2 | 67.3 ± 27.8 | 0.036 |
- LA maximum volume indexed, ml/m2 | 30.4 ± 10.8 | 29.5 ± 10 | 33.5 ± 12.6 | 0.067 |
- LA minimum volume, mL | 29.8 ± 16.8 | 27.5 ± 14.9 | 36.7 ± 20.1 | 0.004 |
- LA minimum volume indexed, mL/m2 | 15.1 ± 8 | 14.1 ± 7.4 | 18.1 ± 9.3 | 0.007 |
Doppler | ||||
- E- wave velocity, m/s | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.768 |
- A – wave velocity, m/s | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.405 |
- E/A (ratio) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 0.314 |
- DTEj, ms | 180.8 ± 44.4 | 180.2 ± 45.4 | 182.7 ± 41.6 | 0.482 |
- TDIk e’ septal, cm/s | 7.4 ± 2.1 | 7.3 ± 2 | 7.8 ± 2.5 | 0.366 |
- TDI e’ lateral,cm/s | 9.4 ± 4.9 | 9.6 ± 5.3 | 9 ± 2.8 | 0.965 |
- E/e’ avg. (ratio) | 8.6 ± 2.9 | 8.7 ± 2.9 | 8.4 ± 3.2 | 0.893 |
- TDI a’ septal, cm/s | 7.4 ± 2 | 7.6 ± 2 | 6.8 ± 2 | 0.053 |
- TDI a’ lateral, cm/s | 8 ± 2.4 | 8.1 ± 2.4 | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 0.111 |
Mitral regurgitation (n, %) | 97 (46.4) | 70 (44.8) | 27 (50.9) | 0.594 |
- Mild (n, %) | 90 (43.1) | 64 (41) | 26 (49.1) | |
- Moderate (n, %) | 7 (3.3) | 6 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | |
Mitral annulus calcification (n, %) | 10 (4.8) | 7 (4.5) | 3 (5.7) | 0.677 |
Aortic regurgitation (mild) (n, %) | 24 (11.9) | 20 (12.8) | 4 (7.5) | 0.298 |
Tricupid regurgitation (n, %) | 106 (50.7) | 77 (49.3) | 29 (54.7) | 0.338 |
- Mild (n, %) | 96 (45.9) | 70 (44.8) | 26 (49) | |
- Moderate (n, %) | 9 (4.3) | 7 (4.4) | 2 (3.7) | |
- Severe (n, %) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | |
TAPSEl, mm | 23.1 ± 4 | 23 ± 3.7 | 23.5 ± 4.9 | 0.253 |
IVCm, mm | 14.3 ± 4 | 14.1 ± 3.9 | 15.1 ± 4.2 | 0.258 |
TRn gradient, mmHg | 24.9 ± 7.5 | 25.1 ± 7.7 | 24.1 ± 6.9 | 0.783 |