Left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral outperforms ejection fraction and Doppler-derived cardiac output for predicting outcomes in a select advanced heart failure cohort

Table 3 Univariate and multiple variable analyses of factors related to death or LVAD placement

	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Univariate analysis
LVOT VTI, cm	0.729 (0.55 - 0.96)	0.024
Age, years	1.05 (1.02 - 1.09)	0.001
Male gender	1.66 (0.678 - 4.058)	0.245
Diabetes	1.38 (0.65 - 2.95)	0.416
NYHA class	2.13 (1.26 - 3.60)	0.005
Hemoglobin, g/dL	0.876 (0.74 - 1.04)	0.107
Blood urea nitrogen, g/dL	1.03 (1.01 - 1.05)	0.005
Glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min	2.437 (1.04 - 5.71)	0.029
Pulmonary artery pressure, mmHg	1.03 (1.01 - 1.06)	0.010
Ejection fraction	1.01 (0.99 - 1.03)	0.179
Doppler derived cardiac output, L/min	0.677 (0.378-1.213)	0.190
Multivariate analysis
Model 1: LVOT VTI + age	0.661 (0.502 – 0.871)	0.003
Model 2: Model 1 + Pulmonary artery pressure and Ejection fraction	0.619 (0.452 – 0.849)	0.003
Model 3: Model 2 + Blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min and NYHA class	0.590 (0.415 – 0.838)	0.003

Legend: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, LVAD left ventricular assist device, LVOT VTI left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral; other abbreviations described in Table 1

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