Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Total study population (n = 100) | LVOT VTI < 8.1 cm, lowest tertile (n = 34) | LVOT VTI 8.1-9.0 cm, median tertile (n = 33) | LVOT VTI > 9.0 cm, highest tertile (n = 33) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||||
Age (years) | 73.53 ± 14.7 | 71.26 ± 15.3 | 74.82 ± 15.1 | 74.58 ± 13.8 | 0.547 |
Gender (% male) | 72 | 79.4 | 75.8 | 60.6 | 0.194 |
Diabetes | 27% | 29.4% | 24.2% | 27.3% | 0.892 |
Hypertension | 57% | 52.9% | 51.5% | 66.7% | 0.388 |
Atrial Fibrillation | 68% | 77% | 62% | 67% | 0.485 |
Prior revascularization | 50% | 56% | 49% | 45% | 0.679 |
NYHA Class | 0.643 | ||||
I | 1.1% | 3.1% | 0% | 0% | |
II | 41.5% | 40.6% | 33.3% | 51.7% | |
III | 45.7% | 43.8% | 54.5% | 37.9% | |
IV | 11.7% | 12.5% | 12.1% | 10.3% | |
Smoking | 14% | 11.8% | 10% | 21.2% | 0.328 |
Alcohol | 17% | 15% | 24% | 12% | 0.385 |
Illicit drugs | 4% | 6% | 3% | 3% | 0.797 |
Medical Therapy | |||||
Diuretics | 68.7% | 72.7% | 72.7% | 60.6% | 0.472 |
ACE/ARB | 57.6% | 64.7% | 51.5% | 56.3% | 0.541 |
Beta blocker | 84% | 82.4% | 84.8% | 84.8% | 0.949 |
Digoxin | 28.3% | 27.3% | 30.3% | 27.3% | 0.951 |
Spironolactone | 32% | 35.3% | 39.4% | 21.2% | 0.251 |
Statin | 45.4% | 41.2% | 51.6% | 43.8% | 0.683 |
CRT | 31.6% | 31.3% | 43.3% | 21.2% | 0.169 |
ICD | 42.9% | 51.5% | 50.0% | 27.3% | 0.084 |
Objective Parameters | |||||
SBP (mmHg) | 114.57 ± 16.8 | 111 ± 17 | 113 ± 16 | 119 ± 17 | 0.128 |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.00 ± 14.4 | 70 ± 16 | 71 ± 14 | 74 ± 13 | 0.581 |
HR (beats per minute) | 82.93 ± 16.3 | 85.6 ± 18 | 80.9 ± 15 | 82.1 ± 16 | 0.481 |
Weight (kg) | 76.6 ± 19.2 | 77.2 ± 16 | 80 ± 24 | 73.1 ± 17 | 0.391 |
Body mass index | 25.8 ± 5 | 25.8 ± 5 | 26.4 ± 6 | 25.2 ± 5 | 0.657 |
Hgb (g/dL) | 13.28 ± 2.0 | 13.7 ± 1.7 | 12.9 ± 1.7 | 13.2 ± 2.5 | 0.205 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.40 ± 0.6 | 1.51 ± 0.8 | 1.46 ± 0.6 | 1.21 ± 0.4 | 0.101 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 27.0 ± 14 | 25.8 ± 10 | 30.5 ± 18 | 24.9 ± 13 | 0.221 |
Glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min | 60.2% | 67.7% | 51.5% | 62.1% | 0.403 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 137 ± 4 | 137 ± 4 | 137 ± 3 | 138 ± 3 | 0.270 |
Cholesterol, total (mg/dL) | 149 ± 41 | 142 ± 35 | 147 ± 41 | 158 ± 46 | 0.286 |
QRS > 120 msec | 51.2% | 61.3% | 46.2% | 44.4% | 0.364 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 28.9 ± 17 | 25.1 ± 17 | 26.4 ± 11 | 35 ± 19 | 0.024 |
Mean PA pressure (mmHg) | 47.7 ± 15 | 47.8 ± 16 | 48.2 ± 13 | 47.1 ± 15 | 0.961 |
LV end diastolic dimension (cm) | 5.81 ± 1.3 | 6.06 ± 1.2 | 5.94 ± 1.1 | 5.42 ± 1.5 | 0.092 |
Aortic Stenosis | 11.1% | 15.2% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 0.900 |
Aortic Insufficiency | 16.2% | 24.2% | 21.2% | 3.0% | 0.060 |
Tricuspid Regurgitation* | 51.5% | 54.5% | 51.5% | 48.4% | 0.738 |
Mitral Regurgitation* | 61% | 55.9% | 75.8% | 51.5% | 0.302 |