Table 3 Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of the Chest X-ray, Boston score (points 8–12), lung, heart and IVC ultrasound and their combinations in the diagnosis of dyspnea of cardiac origin
Parameter | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | Accuracy (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chest X-ray | 75 (52.9–89.3) | 85.4 (70.1–93.9) | 75 (52.9–89.4) | 85.4 (70.1–93.9) | 82 |
Boston score (points 8–12) | 79.2 (57.3–92) | 70.7 (54.3–83.3) | 61.3 (42.3–77.6) | 85.3 (68.2–94.4) | 74 |
IS/ effusion | 92,6 (74.2–98.7) | 80,5 (64.6–90.6) | 75,8 (57.4–88.2) | 94,3 (79.5–99) | 85,3 |
IVC dilated and not collapsing | 65,4 (44.3–82) | 88,2 (71.6–96.2) | 81 (57.4–93.7) | 76,9 (60.2–88.2) | 78,3 |
EF ≤ 40% | 66,7 (46–82.7) | 87,2 (71.7–95.2) | 78,3 (55.8–91.7) | 79,1 (63.5–89.4) | 78,8 |
IS/effusion OR IVC dilated and not collapsing | 100 (84.4–100) | 71.4 (53.4–84.7) | 72.9 (55.6–85.6) | 100 (83.4–100) | 85 |
IS/effusion OR EF ≤ 40% | 92,3 (74.2–98.7) | 70,7 (54.3–83.3) | 67.5 (50.1–81.4) | 93.5 (77.2–98.9) | 80 |
IS/effusion AND IVC dilated and not collapsing | 57,7 (37.2–76) | 94,1 (78.9–98.9) | 88,2 (62.2–97.9) | 74,4 (58.6–86) | 78,3 |
IS/effusion AND EF ≤ 40% | 66.6 (46–82.7) | 97,5 (85.5–99.8) | 94,7 (71.8–99.7) | 81.6 (71.8–99.7) | 85 |
IS/effusion AND EF ≤ ≤40% AND IVC dilated and not collapsing | 40.7 (23–60.9) | 97,6 (85.6–99.8) | 91,6 (59.7–99.5) | 71.4 (57.6–82.3) | 73,3 |
IS/effusion AND (EF ≤ 40% OR IVC dilated and not collapsing) | 81.4 (61.2–92.3) | 95.1 (82.2–99.2) | 91.7 (71.6–98.6) | 88.6 (74.6–95.7) | 90 |