Table 1 Baseline Characteristic of Patients

Age (year)

59 (18 - 84)

Sex, n (%)

 Male

194 (74.9 %)

 Female

65 (25.1 %)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.87 (12.49 - 49.17)

Nutritional Risk Index (NRI)

98.63 ± 12.37

Risk Factor, n (%)

 Hypertension

171 (66 %)

 DM/Prediabetes

157 (60.6 %)

 Smoking

127 (49 %)

Clinical Presentation, n (%)

 Acute lung edema

19 (7.3 %)

 Increased JVP

194 (74.9 %)

 Peripheral edema

154 (59.5 %)

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Pneumonia

31 (12 %)

 Worsening Renal Function

72 (27.8 %)

 Malnutrition

127 (49 %)

Heart Failure Etiology, n (%)

 Ischemic heart disease

198 (76.5 %)

 Hypertensive heart disease

42 (16.2 %)

 Other cardiomyopathy

19 (7.3 %)

ECG, n (%)

 Sinus rhythm

213 (82.2 %)

 Atrial fibrillation

41 (15.8 %)

 Others

5 (1.9 %)

Medications on Admission, n (%)

 Diuretics (Furosemide)

238 (91.9 %)

 ACE inhibitors

146 (56.4 %)

 Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)

93 (35.9 %)

 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA)

127 (49 %)

 Calcium channel blockers

19 (7.3 %)

 Beta blockers

120 (46.3 %)

 Digoxin

47 (18.1 %)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

127 (75 - 231)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

78 (38 - 159)

Heart rate (x/minute)

96 (36 - 179)

Laboratory values

 Hemoglobin (mg/dl)

13.3 (5.8 - 18.8)

 Leukocyte (/uL)

8780 (3390 - 29740)

 Random blood glucose (mg/dl)

135 (61 - 618)

 Albumin (g/dl)

3.5 (1.8 - 4.5)

 Ureum (mg/dl)

50 (9 - 278)

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.4 (0.61 - 10.02)

 eGFR

50 (4 - 112)

Echocardiographic parameters

 End Diastolic Diameter (mm)

60 (25 - 92)

 End Systolic Diameter (mm)

52 (16 - 83)

 Ejection fraction (%)

27 (12 - 85)

   ≥ 50 %

40 (15.4 %)

  40 - 49 %

27 (10.4 %)

   < 40 %

192 (74.1 %)

 TAPSE (mm)

16 (7 - 29)

   > 16 mm

120 (46.3 %)

   ≤ 16 mm

139 (53.7 %)

 Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mmHg)

25 (5 - 50)