Table 2 Baseline demographic characteristics and risk factors according to non-fatal cardiac events and all-cause mortality in all patients
Parameter | No non-fatal cardiac event (n = 4480) | Non-fatal cardiac event (n = 849) | P Value | Survived (n = 3964) | All-cause mortality (n = 1365) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
|  | Age (yrs) | 64.4 ± 12.4 | 68.9 ± 11 | <0.001 | 65.1 ± 11.8 | 65.1 ± 13.5 | 0.948 |
| Â | Male gender | 2315 (51.7) | 420 (49.5) | 0.451 | 2124 (53.6) | 611 (44.8) | <0.001 |
| Â | Ethnic group | Â | Â | 0.149 | Â | Â | 0.870 |
| Â | Black | 379 (8.5) | 55 (6.5) | Â | 326 (8.2) | 108 (7.9) | Â |
| Â | European White | 1856 (41.4) | 363 (42.8) | Â | 1655 (41.8) | 564 (41.3) | Â |
| Â | Indian Asian | 2245 (50.1) | 431 (50.8) | Â | 1983 (50) | 693 (50.8) | Â |
|  | Weight (kg) | 79.3 ± 15.3 | 80.6 ± 15.2 | 0.027 | 78.9 ± 15.2 | 80.9 ± 15.3 | <0.001 |
|  | Body mass index (kg · m2) | 28.3 ± 5.1 | 28.3 ± 5.1 | 0.659 | 28 ± 5 | 28.4 ± 5.3 | 0.014 |
|  | Body surface area (m2) | 1.88 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 0.003 | 1.88 ± 0.2 | 1.91 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
|  | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 33 | 132 ± 39 | 0.934 | 131 ± 25 | 132 ± 25 | 0.356 |
|  | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70 ± 18 | 76 ± 30 | <0.001 | 70 ± 20 | 71 ± 21 | 0.381 |
|  | LV ejection fraction (%) | 56.9 ± 8.3 | 55.1 ± 9.2 | <0.001 | 57.2 ± 7.8 | 54.9 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
History | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
| Â | Hypertension | 2547 (56.9) | 552 (65) | <0.001 | 2310 (58.3) | 789 (57.8) | 0.913 |
| Â | Diabetes mellitus | 1154 (25.8) | 279 (32.9) | <0.001 | 1043 (26.3) | 390 (28.6) | 0.104 |
| Â | Hypercholesterolemia | 2098 (46.8) | 513 (60.4) | <0.001 | 1886 (47.6) | 725 (53.1) | <0.001 |
| Â | Family history of CVD | 1072 (23.9) | 249 (29.3) | 0.001 | 926 (23.4) | 395 (28.9) | <0.001 |
| Â | Prior myocardial infarction | 394 (8.8) | 96 (11.3) | 0.020 | 356 (9) | 134 (9.8) | 0.346 |
| Â | Prior PCI | 1034 (23.1) | 223 (26.3) | 0.124 | 940 (23.7) | 317 (23.2) | 0.784 |
| Â | Prior CABG | 508 (11.3) | 134 (15.8) | <0.001 | 431 (10.9) | 211 (15.5) | <0.001 |
| Â | Smoking history | Â | Â | 0.024 | Â | Â | 0.503 |
| Â | Non-smoker | 3474 (77.5) | 629 (74.1) | Â | 3047 (76.9) | 1056 (77.4) | Â |
| Â | Ex-smoker | 690 (15.4) | 139 (16.4) | Â | 628 (15.8) | 201 (14.7) | Â |
| Â | Current smoker | 316 (7.1) | 81 (9.5) | Â | 289 (7.3) | 108 (7.9) | Â |
NYHA functional class symptom status | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | <0.001 | |
| Â | NYHA functional class II | 4063 (90.7) | 627 (73.9) | Â | 3665 (92.5) | 1025 (75.1) | Â |
| Â | NYHA functional class III | 417 (9.3) | 222 (26.1) | Â | 299 (7.5) | 340 (24.9) | Â |
CCS angina classification | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | <0.001 | |
| Â | Class I | 2689 (60) | 0 (0) | Â | 2202 (55.5) | 487 (35.7) | Â |
| Â | Class II | 1402 (31.3) | 671 (79) | Â | 1524 (38.4) | 549 (40.2) | Â |
| Â | Class III | 389 (8.7) | 178 (21) | Â | 238 (6) | 329 (24.1) | Â |
Long term cardiac medication | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
| Â | ACE inhibitor | 1632 (36.4) | 299 (35.2) | 0.551 | 1443 (36.4) | 488 (35.8) | 0.648 |
| Â | Angiotensin II receptor antagonist | 861 (19.2) | 173 (20.4) | 0.404 | 753 (19) | 281 (20.6) | 0.206 |
| Â | Aspirin | 2578 (57.5) | 406 (47.8) | <0.001 | 2176 (54.9) | 808 (59.2) | 0.006 |
| Â | Beta blockers | 1965 (43.9) | 320 (37.7) | 0.001 | 1674 (42.2) | 611 (44.8) | 0.109 |
| Â | Calcium antagonists | 1389 (31) | 260 (30.6) | 0.880 | 1222 (30.8) | 427 (31.3) | 0.771 |
| Â | Diuretic | 1005 (22.4) | 195 (23) | 0.714 | 857 (21.6) | 343 (25.1) | 0.007 |
| Â | Lipid-lowering agents | 3027 (67.6) | 536 (63.1) | 0.017 | 2614 (65.9) | 949 (69.5) | 0.017 |
| Â | Nitrates | 689 (15.4) | 98 (11.5) | 0.004 | 581 (14.7) | 206 (15.1) | 0.724 |
| Â | Warfarin | 271 (6) | 65 (7.7) | 0.073 | 245 (6.2) | 91 (6.7) | 0.530 |