Table 4 Final diagnosis of patients admitted with the primary diagnosis of ACS with the prevalence of typical echocardiographic findings reported by limited TTE with A-F mnemonic
Final diagnosis | Number of patients (%) | Echocardiographic findings | Echocardiographic diagnosis, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Confirmed ACS | 1039 (79,19) | RWMA | 861 (82,87) |
NSTEMI | 543 (52,26) | RWMA | 426 (78,45) |
STEMI | 387 (37,25) | RWMA | 385 (99,48) |
UA | 92 (8,85) | RWMA | 33 (35,87) |
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy | 17 (1,65) | RWMA, apical ballooning | 17 (100) |
Adjective diagnosis in confirmed ACS | 23 (2,21) | listed below | 23 (100) |
Moderate/severe aortic stenosis | 16 (1,54) | AV calcification | 16 (100) |
Severe mitral regurgitation | 3 (0,29) | MR jet | 3 (100) |
Decompensated CHF | 3 (0,29) | dilated LV, LA, small pericardial/pleural effusion, low LVEF | 3 (100) |
Ventricular septal defect | 1 (0,09) | IVS interruption | 1 (100) |
Non-confirmed ACS | 273 (20,81) | any abnormality | 151 (55,31) |
Decompensated CHF | 51 (18,68) | dilated LV, LA, small pericardial/pleural effusion, low LVEF | 51 (100) |
Stable CAD | 35 (12,92) | RWMA | 0 (0) |
Acute pulmonary embolism | 21 (7,69) | RV overload | 20 (95,27) |
Aortic valve disease | 15 (5,49) | AV calcification | 15 (100) |
Myocarditis | 10 (3,66) | moderately impaired global LV contractility | 8 (80) |
Tachycardia (AF, SVT) | 10 (3,66) | atrial dilatation | 8 (80) |
Pericarditis | 8 (2,93) | pericardial effusion, thickened pericardium | 8 (100) |
Prinzmetal angina | 8 (2,93) | none | 8 (100) |
Pneumonia | 6 (2,19) | small pleural effusion | 4 (66,666) |
Mitral valve disease | 5 (1,83) | MR jet | 5 (100) |
Aortic dissection | 5 (1,83) | dilated aorta, dissection flap | 5 (100) |
Hypertensive crisis | 6 (2,19) | LVH | 6 (100) |
Exacerbated COPD | 4 (1,47) | RV dilatation | 4 (100) |
HOCM | 4 (1,47) | severe LVH, LVOTO | 4 (100) |
Cardiac tamponade | 3 (1,09) | pericardial effusion, RA and RV collapse | 3 (100) |
Ventricular septal defect | 2 (0,73) | IVS interruption | 2 (100) |
Hypovelemic shock | 1 (0,37) | small LV, IVC < 1 cm | 1 (100) |
Infective endocarditis associated with pacemaker electrode | 1 (0,37) | abnormal structures on the pacemaker electrode | 1 (100) |
Perivalvular leak in AVR | 1 (0,37) | perivalvular jet | 1 (100) |
Lung tumor | 1 (0,37) | none | 1 (100) |
Acute pancreatitis | 1 (0,37) | none | 1 (100) |
Exacerbated polimyositis | 1 (0,37) | none | 1 (100) |
Other | 71 (26,01) | no abnormal findings | 71 (100) |