Structural and functional changes in maternal left ventricle during pregnancy: a three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study

Table 3 Real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment

Variable	Controls	Trimester 1	Trimester 2	Trimester 3	Postpartum
	-	(14.1 ± 1.6)wk	(25.5 ± 2.6)wk	(37.8 ± 2.4)wk	(7.8 ± 2.4)mo
LV EDV(ml)	76.14 ± 21.20	81.39 ± 19.54	83.78 ± 14.58	87.72 ± 17.18*^†	82.77 ± 16.85^‡
LV ESV(ml)	32.00 ± 7.29	33.91 ± 6.16	36.30 ± 7.96*	39.67 ± 7.98*	34.08 ± 8.32
LVEDVi(ml/m²)	44.06 ± 17.44	41.93 ± 18.61	49.33 ± 14.49^†	51.67 ± 12.65*^†	46.63 ± 16.49
3D EF(%)	60.14 ± 4.16	59.48 ± 5.77	58.00 ± 4.06	57.07 ± 4.62*^†	59.16 ± 6.12
3D CI(l · min⁻¹ · m⁻²)	2.26 ± 0.93	2.17 ± 1.02	2.49 ± 1.09^†	2.54 ± 1.17*^†	2.27 ± 1.43
3D SVI(ml/m²)	27.79 ± 9.96	27.51 ± 10.36	29.58 ± 9.62	31.37 ± 1.73	28.08 ± 11.02
LVMi (g/m²)	59.25 ± 18.00	62.57 ± 24.81	66.37 ± 16.74	71.23 ± 14.46*^†	63.14 ± 16.08^‡
Sphericity index	0.27 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.07*	0.32 ± 0.05*^§	0.32 ± 0.06*	0.28 ± 0.06^‡
LA index (ml/m²)	11.0 ± 2.5	12.3 ± 4.2	13.1 ± 3.3*^§	14.2 ± 4.3*^†	11.2 ± 3.3^‡
GLS (%)	20.29 ± 2.97	21.32 ± 2.61	20.30 ± 2.66^‡	18.85 ± 2.99*^†	20.82 ± 2.31^‡
GCS (%)	18.71 ± 3.93	18.91 ± 3.70	18.05 ± 2.99	16.65 ± 2.99*^†	18.91 ± 4.07^‡
GAS (%)	33.71 ± 5.28	34.77 ± 4.21	33.09 ± 3.56^‡	31.10 ± 4.53*^†	34.68 ± 4.81^‡
GRS (%)	56.36 ± 12.15	58.32 ± 9.88	55.36 ± 8.47^‡	50.23 ± 10.12*^†	57.62 ± 10.10^‡

Data are given as mean ± SD, LVEDV indicates left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEDVi, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; EF, ejection fraction; CI, cardiac index; SVI, stroke volume index; LVMi, left ventricular mass index; LA index, left atrial volume index; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GCS, global circumferential strain; GAS, global area strain; GRS, global radial strain.
*P < 0.05 vs. Controls; ^†P < 0.05 vs. Trimester 1; ^‡P < 0.05 vs. Trimester 3; ^§P < 0.05 vs. Postpartum.

ISSN: 1476-7120